No 3 (2016)
TO OUR READERS
REGIONS AND CENTRE
9-26 178
Abstract
The acting system of fiscal federalism in Russia is characterized with a high degree of centralization of financial resources and authorities due to the abnormal inter-regional econom ic and social asymmetr y. The alignment of region s’ budgetar y provision has become the main function of inter-budgetary regulation in the conditions of economic instability. Financial problems of the federal centre have led to a gradual reduction of inter-budget transfers, directed to the regional level, and to replacing them with budget credits. As a result, in 2015 within the system of the regional budgets rose sharply the volume of debts. Basing on the example of Ural regions, the paper shows the features of budget planning for 2016, taking into account the influence of the prevailing negative conditions. The article offers the basic directions of improvement of the Russian fiscal federalism: the formation of an asymmetrical model of financial interaction between the federal center and the regions with the different levels of economic development; increasing tax revenues and the expansion of tax powers of the territorial authorities; providing to large urban agglomerations special f iscal and budget status; carr yi ng out differentiated socio-econom ic development policy for strategically important areas of the Arctic.
27-40 136
Abstract
Federal districts have taken an impor tant place in the power and management str ucture of the Russian Federation. The transition to the integral system of strategic planning is hardly possible without its spreading to the level of macro-regions, the identification of which is most expedient namely via their analogy with the Federal districts. However, there are certain obstacles to the proper positioning of Federal districts as the participants of the strategic planning system. The author proves the opportunities to integrate actively Federal district into the system of strategic planning via imputing them the appropriate authorities as the participants (subjects) of such planning. This measure will increase the role of macro-regions’ strategies as a liaison between the strategizing at the Federal level and at the level of subjects of Federation.
41-50 228
Abstract
Federal law No. 44-FZ «On the contract system in the procurement of goods, works, services for state and municipal needs» specify the possibility of organizing centralized purchasing. Centralization of procurement may be carried out at the level of subject of the Russian Federation (government procurement), at the level of subject of the Russian Federation - municipality (state and municipal procurement) with the appropriate agreement between the region and the municipality and also at the municipal level (municipal procurement). Since the legislation does not stipulate any restrictions, imposed on the conditions of procurement centralization and does not provide any uniform models of such centralization, the issue is essentially at the mercy of the subjects of the Russian Federation. As a result, at present each subject of the Russian Federation Russian constructs the model in accordance with its needs and peculiarities of organization of the management system of the region. Conditionally grouping existing models of centralized procurement according to general features, the author, using several indicators, compares groups of models between themselves and with the decentralized model, identifying positive and negative aspects of each of the groups. The research is based on the analysis and generalization of information from 64 regions of Russia.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
51-66 149
Abstract
Social security and the existence of relevant institutions form one of the main features of a socially-oriented state. The law and law-enforcement practice act as an important regulator of the socio-oriented state. In the Russian Federation constitutional norms allow the distribution of risks and responsibilities between the state and the citizen in the issues of social security. The observed here generations’ conflict complicates the process of social security reform: for the older generation the foreground is the disappointment with low social standards; for the younger generation - the care about their future and the future of their children. This gives the ground for various views, opinions and discussions, which in turn form the basis for different vectors of administrative decisions. This conflict clearly manifests itself in the pension system, especially on the example of its mandatory funded element. The development of the Eurasian integration generates new questions concerning the further fate of the pension system. The post-soviet states have been always characterized with a high level of labour migration. According to various estimates, up to 10% of the total labour-capable population now works and lives for a long time in other countries, as a rule, illegally. This requires the solution of a number of intrinsic problems with their pension security in future. The article analyzes the main development trends of the pension system in the Russian Federation and the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union.
67-82 137
Abstract
2016 marks a quarter century in development of Russian economy in the conditions of market. On the one hand, this period is still insufficient for the full scale comparison of the Russian market with its complex regional structure with advanced federal states, which moved to modern welfare for hundreds of years through a painful crisis, reforms and wars. But on the other hand, this is the life of a whole generation, which has undergone during this period by drastic changes. The article discusses the positive and negative results of this stage of development of the Russian society and the Russian economy. The paper presents the dynamics of main indicators of the development of social, business and financial and monetary spheres of the Russian market. A comparison of achievements and risks, formed as a result of a quarter of a century development of the real, financial and social sectors of the Russian economy allows to estimate what our society has received during this time, what problems we need to solve tomorrow in order to avoid significant economic and political upheavals, which accompanied us during this quarter of a century. Authors propose the most likely scenarios for the Russian economy, discuss the possibility of using monetary and fiscal regulators at the federal and sub-federal levels.
83-96 130
Abstract
Reforms in the industry are the critical factor for the economic growth. This task requires changing the measures of the state regulation at the federal level and at the level of the subjects of the Federation. The nature of these measures depends on the character of changes occur ri n g i n the industr y. For the upgrading, i nvolving the preser vation of i ndustr ial labour, regulation is needed, first of all, for the labour relations. Within these relations retain traditional functions of the workers in ensuring the production process (turners, millers, mechanics, etc.). Thus to the first place are put forward here compensation allowances associated with an increase in labour intensity or its duration. The innovative reorientation of the economy is accompanied with a broader approach to the regulation of labour relations. The most important factor here is the functional engagement of the worker. Under new technologies the worker not only produces some products, but at the same time manages the production process. This means that in the terms of new technologies’ development there is a need to regulate socio-economic relations. It is necessary to consider that in the conditions of new technologies the functions of the worker become much more complicated. The worker acts not only as the organizer of the new technologies’ introduction, but also as the main specialist for the management of the technological process at his production sector. New functions of the worker require not only new labour evaluation, but also the regulation of new socio-economic relations, arising on the basis of changes in production technology and management.
97-116 108
Abstract
Large vertically integrated structures, based on the organization of intraregional or interregional cooperation of the complex of enterprises, occupy an increasingly meaningful place in the modern agro-industrial sector. This trend is observed as well in the Republic of Mordovia since agriculture plays an important role in the economy of the region. This is evidenced by the share of agriculture in Gross regional product. The indicator amounted to 13,3% in 2014, allowing the Republic to take second place for this indicator among the regions of Volga Federal district. The paper proposes the grouping of agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Mordovia according to the number of employees. The paper specifies such enterprises, engaged only in agriculture; enterprises, which in addition to agricultural production are also engaged in its processing; processing enterprises; agricultural holdings of the republic. The conclusion about the leading role of large agricultural enterprises of corporative type in the agricultural sector and in the economy of the republic is proved with the statistical data of annual reports of the Ministry of agriculture and food of the Republic of Mordovia.
LOCAL AUTONOMY
117-134 169
Abstract
The most important prerequisite for the realization of the citizens’ right for local self-government is its territorial organization, which provides access to the local self-government for the population. The practice of the territorial formation of municipalities in the Kemerovo region in the 90-s showed that the effectiveness of local self-government depends on the size of the municipality, on its sufficient material (property, infrastructure), financial (revenue base) and intellectual (qualified staff) resources. The political situation in Kuzbass, formed at that time, led to the fact that the registration of the territorial organization of local self-government here took place later than in other regions of the Russian Federation. In search of the optimal size of the municipal territories, regional authorities tried to preserve existing boundaries of settlements, socio-economic, cultural and national ties and traditions. The article analyzes the experience of reforming the territorial structure in modern conditions. The paper investigates the motives of the decision-making and concrete actions of public authorities and local self-government. On the basis of the given research the author suggests changes in the legislation, aimed at improving the territorial structure of local self-government.
RANGES OF SECURITY
135-144 136
Abstract
April the 29th, 2016 marks the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the State Strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation. It was assumed that the Strategy will operate during the period of economic transformation, which will last from three to five years. However, during recent years serious changes took place in the world and in the country. These changes initiated the necessity to elaborate and adopt a new State Strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation. The article contains the results of the author’s analysis of the National Security Strategy, of the State Strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation and the Federal law «On security». The author makes his proposals to the text of a new Strategy of economic security. Basing on these documents and on the study of contemporary threats to the security of the Russian Federation, the author offers to include in the text of the State Strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation the following sections: securable object; the threats of which this object should be protected; the sources of these threats; the goal of the protection measures; responsible for the protection and their responsibility; means, tools and methods of protection; conditions and time of their application; indicators of threats and of the level of security, monitoring of threats and security insuring.
145-158 270
Abstract
During recent years a lot of legal documents, related to the sphere of the “national question” regulation have been adopted. However, certain problems still remain; conflicts do not stop, social tension in this area of social life does not reduce. Recurring conflicts in the sphere of inter-ethnic and ethno-national relations demonstrate serious deficiencies and systematic violations in this direction of the state policy. One of the reasons of such a situation is the lack of unified approach in relation to the ethno-national question. This problem exists in the international legal dimension, in the doctrine of the modern political and legal science, in the methods of adjustment and consistent leveling of conflictogenity at the ethnicities and cultures collision. The article considers the principles of ethno-national policy of the state in the terms of the Russian Federation (public authorities, strategic papers, targeted programs). The authors reveal the concept of the ethno-political science as a theoretical basis of the ethnic policy. The paper contains the models of the state ethnic policy (assimilation, segregation, multiculturalism, genocide) and provides the review of the contemporary national ethnic policy of the Russian Federation.
159-168 110
Abstract
In recent years have been issued many publications devoted to the analysis of state administration problems. Among them a special place belongs to the work by V.A. Ilyin «Efficiency of the state administration: the point of view of the Editor-in-Chief». This work deals with specific problems and methods of research. Of particular interest is the author’s view on the stage character in the development of the Russian statehood, on the nature of national identity. The paper considers the key problems, put by Ilyin, provides the critical analysis of the most controversial provisions; contains an attempt to estimate the content of the monograph from the point of view of its contribution to the theory of public administration.
YOUNG SCIENTISTS
169-175 137
Abstract
Different understandings of innovations are stated in the various Russian regions. There is a narrow conception of innovations (innovations are the result of scientific activity) and a broad one (innovations are any novelty). The article analyses different approaches of regional legislators to the definition of «innovations». Since 2011, when broad understanding of innovations was fixed at the federal level, the majority of regions brought their laws into compliance with the federal one. However, still there are some regions, the laws of which contradict the federal law, and there are some regions, which tried to leave themselves an opportunity for maneuver. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that such situation undermines the state unity of the Russian Federation. In order to solve this problem the paper suggests to adopt Federal law «On the basis of innovations in the Russian Federation», which should leave some degree of freedom to the regions, but within the framework of the federal definition of innovations.
176-186 156
Abstract
Processes of globalization actively affect the world food system. Prompt development of science and technology in the last century made it possible to delay the manifestation of the crisis phenomena in agriculture. But it is too early to say that the problem of hunger has been solved. Exhaustible character of natural resources and constant rise of food costs together with the rapid growth of the world population put before the international community a very complex task to increase the production of agricultural products, to ensure its processing and humane distribution. The article reveals the main aspects of the global food distribution system, specific for the period of 2014-2016; its socio-economic, political and production factors. Particular attention is paid to the issues of feeding structure of the population, concluding that this structure is dependent on the state of individual countries’ economies.
INFORMATION MATERIALS
ISSN 2073-1051 (Print)