The tools of the new political economy are rarely used in the analysis of the problems of the Soviet economy. A homogeneous society without class contradictions, with a quota socialist electoral system, and the absolute dominance of one ruling party formally contradicts the basic premises of this toolkit. At present time most researchers agree, that Soviet society was heterogeneous (some scientists even attribute class contradictions to it), but do not go any further. This progress is contradicted by the idea of the USSR as an ideocratic state, based on the civil religion of Marxism-Leninism. But the latter explains the stability of the political regime, not its collapse. The new political economy makes it possible to notice that the USSR was a formal confederation, which became a reality when party influence was neutralized, as well as a corporate state, within which there was a sharp political struggle for resources. These relations were masked by the myth of public property, which was socialist state property. As it seemed to Soviet theoreticians, a single national economic complex was indivisible. The rupture of economic ties was not beneficial to both enterprises and national elites. Nevertheless, the Soviet conditions made the orientation towards obtaining the maximum of centralized investments with the subsequent withdrawal of the republic from the single economic space quite rational. Institutional conditions, within which the institutions that protect the state from disintegration are neutralized, are periodically encountered in situations of power transit. The «Gorbachev Phenomenon» is a situation in which there is a paralysis of power associated with sharp contradictions within the ruling coalition. In such a situation, the private interests of small groups become politically legitimate, and it is almost impossible to stop the collapse of the state.

The article proposes approaches to the typologization of municipalities of the Russian Federation on the basis of objective indicators in the framework of one of the urgent tasks of the state policy of spatial development on the introduction of a system for monitoring socio-economic development at the municipal level. The analysis of many parameters of socio-economic development of municipalities allowed us to identify 9 most acceptable typologies for the development of this kind: specialization of the economy, socio-economic risks, geo-economic situation, agglomeration situation, population, urbanization, status and settlement role, climatic conditions, area. In the article in the case of regions located in different parts of the country: Kursk, Kaliningrad and Irkutsk regions. In the article shows that the selected indicators reflect various aspects of the economic, social and geographical location of the municipality and allow us to develop a stable typology of municipalities taking into account differences in their level of economic development, demographic potential and geographical location features and can be presented in the form of matrices with letter encodings. The obtained typological matrices in the future, depending on the combination of letter encodings, will become the basis for a comprehensive typology of municipalities.

The first half of 2022 was marked by a radical change in the geopolitical situation and an increase in sanctions pressure on the domestic economy. The breakdown of the established model of economic relations, the rupture of economic chains had a pronounced effect on the dynamics of industrial production. At the same time, the tax revenues of the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation have increased significantly and have not yet responded to the reduction in industrial production. Of the regions with a significant share of tax revenues from industry in the structure of consolidated budget revenues, only six had a reduction in income tax receipts, and this took place both against the background of a reduction in industrial production indices and against the background of their growth. According to the results of the first half of the year, there is no connection between the dynamics of industrial production and the receipts of corporate income tax and personal income tax to the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation. In a number of regions, wholesale and retail trade plays a significant role in maintaining the receipts of these taxes to the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the pronounced lag in the growth of personal income tax receipts from the rate of inflation, which occurs with an increase in average accrued wages and a drop in real incomes of the population, may indicate the accumulation of hidden employment problems in a number of regions.

One of the priorities of Russia's regional policy is the further development and development of Arctic territories and water areas. Currently, economic reformatting has become extremely dynamic. That is why the solution of the problem of ecological balance in the process of resource development of the Arctic is particularly relevant. No one doubts that the development of the Arctic zone for the successful development of Arctic hydrocarbon reserves is associated with the solution of a number of serious tasks that ensure the protection of national interests, infrastructure development and solutions to environmental problems. The article deals with the problems of sustainable development of the region, the possibilities of institutional mechanisms of interaction between the countries of the Arctic Council, the environmental protection effect of environmental protection.

This article presented to the attention of readers is dedicated to the analysis of history, present condition and development prospects of inter-state relations on national and regional security between former Soviet republics, now new sovereign Eurasian states, as well as to the examination of organization forms of such relations. Having formulated basic principles of cooperation on these issues and underlying the need of collective and coordinated activities against threats to their security and stability in new geopolitical realities stipulated by the collapse of the USSR nine post-Soviet states concluded the Collective Security Treaty which came into force in 1994. Five years later, in April 1999, presidents of six these countries, namely Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan, signed the protocol on prolongation of the Collective Security Treaty for the next five years while Azerbaijan, Georgia and Uzbekistan refused to extend their membership in the Treaty and left it. It happened since due to a number of various domestic and external reasons the formation of national statehood of new sovereign states began to differ substantially from each other as to their strategic goals, aspirations and orientations which subsequently caused serious changes in their approaches to building relations with their foreign partners in bilateral and multilateral forms. In this connection in May 2002 those countries that retained their membership in the Collective Security Treaty decided to reorganize it into a new alliance with a higher degree of integration of its members in order to increase its role in promoting national and regional security – the Collective Security Treaty Organization. The present article examines basic events connected with the Collective Security Treaty Organization formation over the next 20 years, evolution of its goals and tasks, as well as requirements of making concrete directions of its activities more precise because of fundamental changes in the international environment. In the course of the undertaken analysis most important achievements of the Collective Security Treaty Organization during these years were singled out as well as concrete shortcomings in its activities were noted. Also, alternative variants of further development of this international security organization including those that may exceed the post-Soviet space were mentioned.

Taking into account the regional peculiarities of agriculture is a key factor in its effectiveness. This is especially important in Russia, a country with a federal structure of the state, whose regions are distinguished by a wide variety of conditions for agricultural activity. The article discusses the main regional aspects of the modern agrarian economy of Russia: significant differentiation of the growth rates of the industry in 1990–2020; shifts in the territorial distribution of production of the main types of products; risks of formation of a single agro-food market. The influence of agrarian policy on these processes, and in particular, the policy of state support of agriculture, is shown; the main measures for its improvement are discussed (agricultural zoning of the country and the preparation of a scheme for the placement of productive forces of agriculture and processing industry, strengthening the role of the federal center in subsidizing agricultural producers, and more).

The implementation of the Russia fiscal policy in 2022 is taking place in the context of severe external sanctions, including the freezing of government foreign assets. As theoretical models say an increase in government spending stimulates output growth but household consumption reduces. At the same time, empirical studies of the impact of sanctions show that losses from the simultaneous application of financial sanctions, asset freezing and trade restrictions could amount to 4.0-5.0% of GDP. The state of the federal budget in the first half of 2022 remained stable due to the growth in oil prices. The growth of additional oil and gas revenues of the federal budget covered the increased non-oil and gas deficit. External sanctions and retaliatory measures from the monetary and financial authorities had a critical impact on the state of the domestic government debt market. The return to early 2022 levels came amid falling trading volumes, with no new government bond issues between late February and August 2022.

The article attempts to analyze the legal provision of the state of national security in the sphere of transport in the Russian Federation from the point of view of covering national interests, challenges and threats. The authors show that the transport and logistics interests of the Russian Federation internationally have not always been reflected in full and in accordance with national interests in sectoral strategic planning documents. The importance of the new Maritime Doctrine adopted in July 2022, which sets priorities for the development of maritime activities over the next few years, including in the transport direction, is highlighted. Using statistical data on the state of Russia's transport sector, the authors examine what changes have taken place due to the COVID-19 restrictions and the latest geopolitical challenges. It is emphasized, that the implementation of the objectives of the Transport Strategy-2021 in the short term will proceed with negative dynamics.

Stimulation of the pace and formation of the structure of regional economic growth is invariably one of the fundamental goals of the regional economic policy pursued by the subjects of the federal state. In the context of the cyclical development of regional economic systems and the beginning of the regionalization of the economy of the world leader – the United States of America - the problem of spatial and temporal differentiation of the choice of priorities to stimulate regional economic growth is becoming more urgent. Using the methods of regression modeling and economic statistics, an analysis was made of the influence of the main instruments of regional economic policy on the dynamics of regional economic growth over a long period of time 1961–2020 and forecast up to 2030. The obtained results revealed spatial asymmetries in the combination of the use of fiscal instruments and structural investment measures to regulate economic growth, associated with the level of development of subregions and individual states of the country. The transfer of the investment burden to stimulate regional economic growth in times of crisis to the end consumer is noted. The article substantiates the increasing role of such an instrument of regional policy as the selective regulation of aggregate regional export in the long term, indicating the transition from globalization to regionalization of the development of the economic systems of the states and largest municipalities of the United States to maintain the pace of regional economic growth while changing its structure.

The problem of the imbalance in the labor market of the Russian Federation cannot be solved without leveling the heterogeneity of its regions by socio-economic and demographic characteristics, since the labor market is a dynamic complex system that is influenced by a variety of factors, such as the economic, demographic situation, quality of education, interests of market participants, technological progress and digitalization, psychological aspects, etc. The article discusses the application of cluster and discriminant analysis methods on socio-economic data, highlights the regional features of the labor market in Russia. Cluster analysis was carried out using traditional hierarchical and iterative methods: the “Nearest Neighbor” method, the “Far Neighbor” method, the “Ward” method and the k-means method, as well as the fanny fuzzy clustering method. The results obtained by these five methods were evaluated for consistency. The conducted discriminant analysis allowed us to obtain a stable cluster structure in terms of the number of employed people by type of economic activity, dividing the regions of Russia into four main groups characterized by positive, average, neutral and negative behavior. Thanks to the construction of profiles of the obtained clusters, poorly informative types of economic activity were identified, employment in which has little effect on the division of regions into groups. The article evaluates the errors of cluster analysis methods for the final stable clustering. The regions with high and low levels of employment are analyzed, atypical subjects of the Russian Federation are identified and their industry specialization is considered. A comparative analysis of the formed groups and atypical regions was carried out, regions that can be conditionally assigned to any cluster were identified. The final typologization of the regions of Russia by the number of employed by type of economic activity has been developed taking into account territorial, social, sectoral and climatic features.