During recent years a lot of legal documents, related to the sphere of the “national question” regulation have been adopted. However, certain problems still remain; conflicts do not stop, social tension in this area of social life does not reduce. Recurring conflicts in the sphere of inter-ethnic and ethno-national relations demonstrate serious deficiencies and systematic violations in this direction of the state policy. One of the reasons of such a situation is the lack of unified approach in relation to the ethno-national question. This problem exists in the international legal dimension, in the doctrine of the modern political and legal science, in the methods of adjustment and consistent leveling of conflictogenity at the ethnicities and cultures collision. The article considers the principles of ethno-national policy of the state in the terms of the Russian Federation (public authorities, strategic papers, targeted programs). The authors reveal the concept of the ethno-political science as a theoretical basis of the ethnic policy. The paper contains the models of the state ethnic policy (assimilation, segregation, multiculturalism, genocide) and provides the review of the contemporary national ethnic policy of the Russian Federation.