The modern budget concept creates obvious prerequisites for the formation of risks in the implementation of the tasks of social and economic development of Russia in the medium term. Experience of functioning of three-year budgets has designated serious questions and claims to the developed budgetary concept. Does the modern Russian economy need a three- year budget? How is the budget and forecast of socio-economic development combined? What is the reliability of the forecast for the two-year and three-year periods? Is there any real control over the implementation of the triennial budgets? Unfortunately, the practice of recent years shows a catastrophic mismatch of forecast and actual data in the implementation of three-year budgets, the formation of real threats to the interests of business, deceleration in solving social problems. The article suggests certain approaches to the improvement of the modern budget concept. Possibilities of reforming of Institute of budgeting on the basis of implementation of provisions of the law on the state strategic planning are considered.