Despite of the success in demographic policy of the last years, significant differentiations still remain in the reproduction of population between regions of Russia. These differences influence the provision of the labour market of regions and create demographic burden, which causes the need to increase taxes on the business, the re-orientate budget and private expenditures to social policy instead of the investments in the development of production on the innovative basis. High mortality within working age should encourage enterprises to invest in fixed capital, in new technologies in order to mitigate the losses of human capital. Not all new measures of demographic policy answer the contemporary calls, generated with the reproduction of population. The paper proves the need of improving the organizational structure of the social-demographic policy.